Pixel binning

[Photoworks]

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2 hours ago, Jeff S said:

All of them have rolling shutter; the issue is the degree to which they have resulting artifacts.  The Z9 seems to now have the least amount. 

Jeff

yes, the Sony a1 and Sony a9 II are quite good too.

rolling shutter is most visible when you have subject moving close to the lens or you moving fast. if you subject are smaller in the frame and moving the effect is almost non visible on the M11. If you have a large car or train filling the frame you will see a strong effect, but knowing that you can use a different shutter type

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[Jeff S]

31 minutes ago, Photoworks said:

rolling shutter is most visible…

My point was more semantic/pedantic. Rolling shutter is a shutter type, just like a global shutter, not an effect.  Some have visible artifacts, some don’t, but they’re still rolling shutters.  Rolling shutters have historically had artifacts associated with subject movement, etc, so rolling shutter has seemingly become a pejorative term.  Modern designs show that's not necessarily the case.

Jeff

Edited February 25, 2022 by Jeff S

[SrMi]

34 minutes ago, Jeff S said:

My point was more semantic/pedantic. Rolling shutter is a shutter type, just like a global shutter, not an effect.  Some have visible artifacts, some don’t, but they’re still rolling shutters.  Rolling shutters have historically had artifacts associated with subject movement, etc, so rolling shutter has seemingly become a pejorative term.  Modern designs show that's not necessarily the case.

Jeff

Yes, there is a rolling shutter and a global shutter. Mechanical shutters are rolling shutters. The most famous visible effect is the 1913 racing car image by Jacques-Henri Lartigue.
AFAIK, the current mechanical shutters correspond to a 1/250 sec electronic shutter readout. The rolling shutter effect was not noticeable with Sony a9 (1/160 sec readout), Z 9 has 1/270 sec readout.

[Jeff S]

13 minutes ago, SrMi said:

The most famous visible effect is the 1913 racing car image by Jacques-Henri Lartigue.
 

He took the famous 1912 pic when he was 18, but was disappointed in it and forgot about it until he was about 60.  He was then famously displaced from the cover of Life magazine due to the Kennedy assassination.  Unusual for a photographer to start at age 6, have his most famous works in his teens, then emerge later in life.  Also a painter.

Jeff

[harmen]

23 hours ago, adan said:

Here's one attempt at describing the general process and the algorithms involved - I hope everyone has their degrees in calculus and Fourier Transform 

https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/1687-6180-2012-125

This article is fascinating.  Among others it emphasizes that binning would typically be done in hardware, as that would improve signal vs read noise before the analog to digital transformation takes place.  That already implies that only entire pixels can be summed up, which means only certain ratios of the original total MP are available.  Another argument it puts forward is that color filter array demosaicing following the pixel binning causes a much more significant loss in resolution than pure binning would make one expect due to aliasing effects. Hence creating a demosaicing approach that works on binned pixels would again only work reasonably well for certain ratios to minimize those aliasing effects, even if it’s done entirely digitally.  Given that there seems to be no loss in processing speed, rather the opposite, when using lower MP outputs, I would expect that the Leica sensor also uses hardware binning (i.e., summing signals).  The demosaicing algorithm used is probably unique to the MP setting, meaning 3 different types.

Edited February 25, 2022 by harmen