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They started in mm (see the first Leicas with Anastigmat/Elmax, and the first Elmars), changed to cm in the first years of '30s : Elmars went on till 1934 (or so) marked as 50mm, while "new" lenses like Elmar 9 cm, Hektor 7,3 cm are engraved in cm even in items of 1931.

Then, they changed again to mm around late '50s (don't know if there has been a precise date of transition... one can have some hint looking at the Summicrons 5cm/50mm in that timeframe).

 

Why they did so ? Well... about the postwar transition, one can observe that the International Standard of Measurements (SI) , adopted just around the end of '50s, considers the METER as the basic unit of length, with the derived units that go at steps of x1000 or /1000 (Kilo- , Milli- / Mega-, Micro- etc...) ; the previous standard was the so called CGS system (Centimeter, Gram, Second) which endured a bit more in USA. Leitz probably wanted to endorse the new standard... probably the whole German Industry was "politically" encouraged to do like this.

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